{"id":617,"date":"2025-09-10T16:01:31","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T13:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/destek.narhost.com\/?p=617"},"modified":"2026-09-12T13:22:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-12T10:22:54","slug":"ubuntu-phpyi-apache-olmadan-nasil-kurabiliriz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/ubuntu-phpyi-apache-olmadan-nasil-kurabiliriz\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu&#8217;da PHP-FPM Nginx \u0130le Nas\u0131l Kurulur (Apache Olmadan)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"kb-dogrulama\">Son do\u011frulama: Eyl\u00fcl 2026 \u00b7 Ubuntu 24.04 test sunucusunda denendi<\/p>\n<div id=\"hizli-cozum\" class=\"ai-box ai-box--cozum\">\n<p class=\"ai-box-title\">H\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu<\/strong> \u00fc\u00e7 paketle tamamlan\u0131r: <code>apt-get install nginx php-fpm<\/code> ile Nginx ve PHP-FPM&#8217;i kurun, ard\u0131ndan Nginx site yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za <code>.php<\/code> uzant\u0131l\u0131 istekleri PHP-FPM soketine y\u00f6nlendiren bir <code>location<\/code> blo\u011fu ekleyin. Apache bu kurulumda hi\u00e7 yer almaz; Nginx, PHP dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 FastCGI Process Manager \u00fczerinden PHP&#8217;ye teslim eder.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Paketleri kurun: <code>apt-get install nginx php-fpm<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Nginx site dosyas\u0131na PHP-FPM soket y\u00f6nlendirmesini ekleyin<\/li>\n<li>Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u0131nay\u0131n: <code>nginx -t<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Nginx&#8217;i yeniden y\u00fckleyin: <code>systemctl reload nginx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"kb-uyg\">\n<tr>\n<th>Panel<\/th>\n<td>Yok (SSH \/ terminal)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Sistem<\/th>\n<td>Ubuntu 22.04\/24.04 (VPS\/VDS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Yetki<\/th>\n<td>root ya da sudo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Narhost \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/th>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/vps-sunucu\" title=\"VPS Sunucu - Narhost\">VPS Sunucu<\/a>, VDS Sunucu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"kb-once\">\n<p class=\"label\">Ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sunucunuza root ya da sudo yetkili bir kullan\u0131c\u0131yla SSH ile ba\u011flanabiliyor olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z; ilk kez ba\u011flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z \u00f6nce <a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/vps-vds-ilk-kurulum-rehberi\/\" title=\"VPS VDS Sunucu \u0130lk Kurulum Rehberi - Narhost Destek\">VPS\/VDS ilk kurulum rehberini<\/a> tamamlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li>Sunucuda Apache kurulu ve 80 portunu dinliyorsa \u00f6nce onu durdurun ya da kald\u0131r\u0131n; iki web sunucusu ayn\u0131 portu payla\u015famaz.<\/li>\n<li>Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6r. WordPress i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel bir 8.x s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc) \u00f6nceden belirleyin.<\/li>\n<li>Site dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kopyas\u0131 elinizde olsun; yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce mevcut ayarlar\u0131 yedekleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu ne i\u015fe yarar, ne zaman gerekir<\/h2>\n<p>Apache, PHP&#8217;yi genelde kendi i\u00e7ine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc bir mod\u00fcl (<code>mod_php<\/code>) olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Nginx bu modeli desteklemez; PHP dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 y\u00f6neticisine, yani PHP-FPM&#8217;e (FastCGI Process Manager) ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Nginx bir <code>.php<\/code> iste\u011fi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunu kendi i\u015flemeyip FPM&#8217;in dinledi\u011fi bir Unix soketine ya da TCP portuna iletir; FPM iste\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p sonucu Nginx&#8217;e geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Narhost&#8217;un VPS ve VDS \u00fcr\u00fcnleri y\u00f6netimsiz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu iki bile\u015feni sunucunuzda birbirine ba\u011flamak sizin sorumlulu\u011funuzdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Apache yerine Nginx tercih etmenin pratik sonucu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131da daha kararl\u0131 performanst\u0131r; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k <code>.htaccess<\/code> tabanl\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz, her kural site dosyas\u0131na yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Nginx&#8217;in istek i\u015fleme modeli <a href=\"https:\/\/nginx.org\/en\/docs\/beginners_guide.html\" title=\"Nginx resmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u0131lavuzu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nginx&#8217;in resmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 k\u0131lavuzunda<\/a>, PHP-FPM&#8217;in havuz ve soket ayarlar\u0131 ise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.php.net\/manual\/en\/install.fpm.php\" title=\"PHP resmi FPM kurulum dok\u00fcmantasyonu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PHP&#8217;nin resmi FPM belgesinde<\/a> anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"nh-sema\"><img src=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ubuntu-phpyi-apache-olmadan-nasil-kurabiliriz-sema-narhost.webp\" alt=\"Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu \u015femas\u0131 \u2014 istek Nginx&#x27;ten PHP-FPM soketine, oradan PHP s\u00fcrecine gider\" width=\"1200\" height=\"500\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>\u0130stek Nginx&#x27;e gelir, .php uzant\u0131l\u0131 dosyalar location blo\u011fuyla FPM soketine, oradan PHP s\u00fcrecine gider.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m<\/h2>\n<ol class=\"kb-adimlar\">\n<li><strong>Nginx ve PHP-FPM&#8217;i kurun.<\/strong> Ubuntu&#8217;nun resmi deposundaki <code>php-fpm<\/code> meta paketi, sunucunuzdaki varsay\u0131lan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen FPM paketini otomatik se\u00e7er.\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">apt-get updateapt-get install -y nginx php-fpm<\/code><\/pre>\n<p class=\"kb-cikti\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7: kurulum <code>php8.3-fpm<\/code> paketini kurar (Ubuntu 24.04&#8217;te varsay\u0131lan s\u00fcr\u00fcm budur), <code>systemctl is-active nginx<\/code> ve <code>systemctl is-active php8.3-fpm<\/code> ikisi de <code>active<\/code> d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nginx site dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan site <code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndad\u0131r; index sat\u0131r\u0131na <code>index.php<\/code>&#8216;yi ekleyin.\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p class=\"kb-cikti\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7: dosya kaydedilir, s\u00f6zdizimi hatas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>PHP-FPM i\u00e7in location blo\u011fu ekleyin.<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 dosyadaki <code>server { }<\/code> blo\u011funun i\u00e7ine, mevcut <code>.ht<\/code> blo\u011fundan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kural\u0131 ekleyin.\n<pre><code class=\"language-nginx\">location ~ \\.php$ { include snippets\/fastcgi-php.conf; fastcgi_pass unix:\/run\/php\/php8.3-fpm.sock;}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p class=\"kb-cikti\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7: soket yolu, kurulu PHP-FPM s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle e\u015fle\u015fmeli; farkl\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm kurduysan\u0131z dosya ad\u0131n\u0131 ona g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u0131nay\u0131n ve yeniden y\u00fckleyin.<\/strong>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nginx -tsystemctl reload nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p class=\"kb-cikti\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7: <code>nginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful<\/code>. Test sunucusunda bu ad\u0131m hatas\u0131z tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>PHP dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131nay\u0131n.<\/strong> Site k\u00f6k dizinine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir test dosyas\u0131 koyup taray\u0131c\u0131 ya da <code>curl<\/code> ile isteyin.\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo '&lt;?php echo \"calisiyor \".phpversion();' &gt; \/var\/www\/html\/test.phpcurl -s http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/test.php<\/code><\/pre>\n<p class=\"kb-cikti\">Beklenen sonu\u00e7: PHP kaynak kodu de\u011fil, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Test sunucusunda komut <code>calisiyor 8.3.6<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Testin ard\u0131ndan dosyay\u0131 silin.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"warn-box\">\n<p class=\"label\">Dikkat<\/p>\n<p><code>curl<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda <code>&lt;?php<\/code> etiketinin kendisi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorsa Nginx iste\u011fi PHP-FPM&#8217;e de\u011fil do\u011frudan taray\u0131c\u0131ya statik dosya olarak g\u00f6nderiyor demektir; genelde <code>location ~ \\.php$<\/code> blo\u011fu ya hi\u00e7 eklenmemi\u015f ya da varsay\u0131lan dosyadaki yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 (<code>#<\/code>) kald\u0131r\u0131lmadan b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Blo\u011fu tekrar kontrol edin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Do\u011frulama<\/h2>\n<div class=\"success-box\">\n<p class=\"label\">Sonu\u00e7<\/p>\n<p><code>curl -s http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/test.php<\/code> komutu PHP&#8217;nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (kaynak kod de\u011fil) d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa kurulum tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <code>systemctl status php8.3-fpm<\/code> komutunda <code>active (running)<\/code> g\u00f6rmeniz de FPM havuzunun ayakta oldu\u011funu do\u011frular.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>H\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmediyse<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>502 Bad Gateway hatas\u0131.<\/strong> Nginx, FPM soketine ula\u015fam\u0131yor demektir; soket dosya yolunun do\u011fru PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fini ve <code>php8.3-fpm<\/code> servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PHP kodu taray\u0131c\u0131da d\u00fcz metin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/strong><code>location ~ \\.php$<\/code> blo\u011fu eklenmemi\u015f ya da yorum sat\u0131r\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ad\u0131m 3&#8217;\u00fc tekrarlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Site yava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/strong> Bu genelde yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fil kaynak sorunudur; sunucunuzun y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/vds-aldim-ama-kasiyor-ne-yapmaliyim\/\" title=\"VDS ald\u0131m ama kas\u0131yor ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m - Narhost Destek\">VDS ald\u0131m ama kas\u0131yor, ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m<\/a> kart\u0131ndaki ad\u0131mlarla inceleyin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"cta-box\">\n<p class=\"label\">Narhost deste\u011fi<\/p>\n<p>Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda tak\u0131l\u0131rsan\u0131z destek talebinize sunucunuzun i\u015fletim sistemi ve PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z\u0131n ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tam hata mesaj\u0131n\u0131 ekleyin.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"cta-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/submitticket.php\" title=\"Narhost destek talebi a\u00e7\">Destek talebi a\u00e7<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"kb-ilgili\">\n<p class=\"label\">Sonraki ad\u0131mlar<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/vps-vds-ilk-kurulum-rehberi\/\" title=\"VPS VDS Sunucu \u0130lk Kurulum Rehberi - Narhost Destek\">VPS\/VDS Sunucu \u0130lk Kurulum Rehberi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/nginx-kurulumu\/\" title=\"Nginx kurulumu - Narhost Destek\">Nginx Kurulumu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/ubuntu-docker-kurulumu\/\" title=\"Ubuntu Docker kurulumu - Narhost Destek\">Ubuntu Docker Kurulumu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kb-faq\">\n<h2>S\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorular<\/h2>\n<h3>Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu Apache&#8217;ye g\u00f6re daha m\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7ok say\u0131da e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131da Nginx genelde daha az bellek kullan\u0131r. Tek ba\u015f\u0131na PHP \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma h\u0131z\u0131, sunucu kayna\u011f\u0131 ve uygulama koduna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; fark as\u0131l e\u015fzamanl\u0131 y\u00fckte g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h3>.htaccess dosyalar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p>Hay\u0131r. Nginx <code>.htaccess<\/code> okumaz; y\u00f6nlendirme ve ba\u015fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan site yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131na yazman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n<h3>Birden fazla PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 sunucuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir miyim?<\/h3>\n<p>Evet; her s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir <code>php-fpm<\/code> paketi kurup her sitenin <code>location<\/code> blo\u011funda farkl\u0131 soket yoluna y\u00f6nlendirme yapars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu PHP-FPM Nginx kurulumu: nginx ve php-fpm paketlerini kurma, site dosyas\u0131na PHP-FPM soket y\u00f6nlendirmesi ekleme, nginx -t ile s\u0131nama ve curl ile PHP \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulama.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,13],"tags":[169],"class_list":["post-617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vds-server","category-vps-server","tag-nginx"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=617"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":822,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617\/revisions\/822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/narhost.com\/destek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}